How the boost works
This tool runs FFmpeg's bass filter, a shelving filter that raises everything at and below the center frequency you set while leaving the rest of the track alone. It is the same kind of curve as the bass knob on a car stereo or amplifier, not a narrow spike at one note. Set the center around 60 to 80 Hz and you are lifting sub-bass and kick weight; set it toward 200 to 250 Hz and you also pull up bass guitar, low male vocals and the body of a snare.
Because the boost is a shelf, it raises the loudest parts of the low end the most, and that is what pushes a mix toward clipping. The Prevent Clipping toggle runs an alimiter after the boost, catching only the peaks that would otherwise distort and leaving quieter passages untouched. It costs a small amount of dynamic range in exchange for a track that stays clean at higher boost settings.